
Julius J. Kim, Ph.D.
17 May 2011
I’d like to believe that I am a child of RED, at least an early form of it. As a minister in the Presbyterian Church in America (PCA), my ministerial roots go back to the Presbyterian Church that was formed in the US in 1706. But my spiritual roots go back to 1885 when the first Presbyterian minister, Horace Underwood, came to Korea to spread the Gospel. In contrast to the challenges missionaries faced in Japan, reports regarding the many conversions taking place in Korea astonished church leaders in the US.
By the late 1890s, many Presbyterian churches in the US, Canada and Australia were sending missionaries to Korea. These early missionaries from different countries and churches crossed denominational lines and worked together for the goal of spreading the Gospel throughout the Korean peninsula. Specifically, four groups of Presbyterian missions, the Northern and Southern Presbyterians of America, the Canadian mission, and the Australian mission agreed to work in harmony, setting up a council to ensure mutual cooperation and partnership.
As early as 1889, two of the groups, the Northern Presbyterians of the US and the Australian Presbyterians formed “The United Council of the Missions of the American and Victorian Presbyterian Churches.” Three years later in 1892, a new council was organized with the arrival of Southern Presbyterian missionaries. Their purpose was stated as being “the uniform organization in Korea of one native church holding to Reformed faith and Presbyterian form of government” (Minutes of the General Assembly of the PCUS in 1892, 532). In 1893 the Canadian Mission joined the council, helping to propel the Korean Presbyterian Church in adopting the Westminster Confession of Faith as the doctrinal standard of the church.
Early efforts of the council included the drafting of comity agreements, a territorial plan to ensure there was a strategic plan not to encroach intentionally on one another’s area of ministry. They began to establish schools and hospitals in addition to their church planting work. By 1910, for example, missionaries had established about 800 schools of various grades, accommodating over 41,000 students. This represented about twice the total enrollment in all Korean government schools combined. The success of these and other educational and medical initiatives greatly contributed to the progress of these early mission efforts. Today, close to one third of Korea’s 45 million people consider themselves Christians—11 million Protestant and 3 million Catholic. Presbyterians represent the largest percentage of Protestants at approximately 3 million members.
Perhaps we here in the US can learn a thing or two about reformed ecclesiastical dialogue and partnership from Korean Presbyterian missions history.
